iosr-JPBS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2019

Abstract: To study the phytoconstituents and antifungal activity of Flueggea leucopyrus fruit extracts of hexane, chloroform and methanol were tested against plant pathogenic fungi. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the fruit extracts revealed the presence of oil in chloroform extract, oil and flavones in hexane extract, flavones, phenol and almost all the tested compounds in the methanol extract except coumarin and alkaloids. The TLC profile of the tested extracts showed two spots each (0.2, 0.4; 0.2, 0.5; 0.2, 0.6) for hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts respectively. Among the three extracts, the methanol extract showed significant activity by inhibiting............

Key words: Flueggea leucopyrus, Phytoconstituents, TLC profile, Antifungal activity, Aspergillus spp.

Abstract: Captopril is often used to treat hypertension in newborns, infants and the elderly. Orodispersible tablets (ODT) may be a beneficial solution when given to this group of patients. For this purpose, tablets were made and the influence of excipients on the disintegration of tablets and the release of captopril from them was examined. The tablets were obtained by direct compression. The disintegration time was tested in water.The dissolution test was carried out in a paddle apparatus in 0.1 M HCl solution. The captopril content was determined by spectrophotometric method.In order to evaluate the process of disintegration and release of captopril, crospovidone was used in concentrations of 5% and 10%, as a superdisintegrant and mannitol, sorbitol and hypromellose as filling........

Key words: ODTs; disintegration; release; excipients, captopril

Abstract: The search for new antihelmentic drugs is an area of active investigation with the goal of developing novel drugs in order to overcome the phenomenon of drug resistance. It is well-known that the quinoline nucleus and its derivatives play a vital role in the design of an important class of wide spectrum antihelmentic agents. The chemical entities were synthesized by Iron powder, HCl, O-Nitro Benzaldehyde , Ethanol using novel methods like conventional method and Microwave irradiation methods. The best yields, less consumption of time and purity was observed by Microwave irradiation method. From the series of compounds synthesized from 5.21a to 5.21i, 5.21c, 5.21g, and 5.21h showed significant antihelminthic activity. Compound 5.21c showed 0.69 min for paralysis of worms and the death time was recorded to be 2.19 min at a concentration of 1mg/ml.

Key words: conventional method, Microwave irradiation method, quinoline nucleus, antihelmentic activity.

Abstract: In the present study, potential protective impact of ginger extract against ciprofloxacin (CPFX)-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats was investigated. Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into seven groups: control, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ginger (200 mg/kg), CPFX20 (20 mg/kg), CPFX20 plus ginger, CPFX40 (40 mg/kg) and CPFX40 plus ginger. Both CPFX and ginger doses were orally given to rats for 10 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, serum and liver samples were processed for biochemical assays. Obtained results exhibited that treatment of rats with CPFX produced marked increases in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and total bilirubin. Also, CPFX markedly increased hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), hydrogen............

Key words: ciprofloxacin, ginger, liver, aminotransferase, oxidative stress, apoptosis

Abstract: Self-medication of antibiotics is becoming a common type of self-care behavior among the population of many countries. Unwanted use and vague use of antibiotics have led to a bigger problem, which is drug resistance. A large scale study in the students of this kind has never been carried out in the students at Bengaluru. Our study aims to learn the self-medication patterns with antibiotics in students and create awareness about the darker side of its misuse which leads to the rise of superbugs.This prospective observational study was conducted in students of various education backgrounds. Thisstudy also points out the various reasons and causes of self-medication among the students. Hence forth the above study showed that self-medication is very prevalent among the students and is practiced as it is more convenient than meeting a health care practitioner.

Abstract: Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome is clinically characterized by an acute monophasic, non-febrile post-infectious illness manifesting as ascending weakness, and areflexia. However, sensory, autonomicand brainstem abnormalities may also seen. It is one of the most common causes of acute motor paralysis. In addition to the clinical presentation, those patients may develop neurophysiological features suggestiveof demyelinating neuropathy. However, an axonal form had been reported. Objectives: evaluate the neurophysiological study in prediction the severity of GBS, and find out whether the neurophysiological study of peripheral nerves can predict the indications formechanical ventilation.Subjects and methods: Two groups of patients of either sex were involved in the study. (22) Patients with GBS in the neuromedical wards and 18 patients in the respiratory care units (RCU). Each patient submitted to sensory and motor nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography...........

Keyword: GBS: Guillain Barre syndrome. CMAP: compound motor action potential NCS: nerve conducting study. EMG: electromyogramSNCS: sensory nerve conduction study. DSL: distal sensory latencySNAP: sensory nerve action potential. MNCS: motor nerve conduction studyDML: distal motor latencyMNCV: motor nerve conductive velocityRCU: respiratory care unitROC: receiver operating characteristic curve

Abstract: The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are analgesic drugs under clinical usage some of which are highly acidic in nature and suffer from a common drawback of gastro-intestinal toxicity. Pyrazole and it derivatives are considered to be non-acidic analgesics in nature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physiochemical and structural properties of newly developed Pyrazole derivatives which are non-acidic analgesics. The novel compounds were synthesized with the help of lab produced chalcone and ethanone. The physiochemical characterization was done with the help of melting point determination, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and solubility testing using different solvents of varied polarity. Structural investigation was done with the help of UV spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy............

Keywords: Pyrazole, Analgesics, Physiochemical evaluation, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy

Abstract: Background: Mumps is a childhood disease characterized by swelling of the parotid glands, salivary glands and other epithelial tissues, causing high morbidity and in some cases more serious complications such as deafness. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of medical students regarding mumps virus infection and its transmission and prevention among Diyala Medical Students in Baqubah City, Iraq. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 medical students in Baqubah City, Iraq, during the period from October 2017 till January 2018. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. In addition to basic demographic characteristics, the questionnaire included 14 questions about routes of transmission, effect and prevention of mumps...........

Key words: Diyala medical student, mumps infection, vaccination, viral transmission. 1,2,3 College of Medicine-University of Diyala- Diyala-Iraq

Abstract: Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of anemia among children in Al-Muthanna Governorate.  Objectives : The aim of this study is to defect the main causes of this disease and its impact on children and its responses to the treatment among the children in this city  Methods: Thirty patients were involved in this study. We depended on the medical history and clinical examination in addition laboratory investigations when identifying their IDA status............

Keywords: Medical history and clinical examination in addition to laboratory investigation like complete blood count blood film for morphology and serum iron level .

Abstract: Introduction: Although gastric cancer is considered as a disease of middle-aged and elderly, 2%–15% of patients with gastric cancer are young. Only a few studies with small samples have been conducted. Aim: The aim of our study is to review the epidemiological characteristics. Evaluate the survival and prognostic factors of gastric cancer in young subjects. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study including patients admitted in our department for gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2007 and June 2017. Our study included a descriptive component of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of gastric cancer in patients under 45 and a univariate analytical component of clinical differences with older subjects, survival analysis (Kaplan Meier) and prognostic factors in multivariate (Cox)..........

Key Words: Gastric adenocarcinoma - Epidemiology - Young adult - Survival – Prognosis

Abstract: Study of Isolated Nodule surface fungi at different stages (Pre flowering, flowering an fruiting stage) of Madcago sativa L. was study. Total 20 fungi were isolated 4 from Phycomycetes. 1 from Ascomycetes & 15 from Deutromycetes, where as maximum number of fungi were present at pre flowering and number of fungi were increase at fruiting stage in comparatively to flowering stage. 12 Fungi were comman at all stages on nodule surface in Madicago sativa L..

Key Words: Nodule surface fungi at pre-flowering, Flowering and fruiting stage Alfa-Alfa.